Molecular characteristic of phosphoric acid treated soils

The expansive nature of soils containing high amounts of clay minerals can be altered through chemical stabilization, resulting in a material suitable for construction purposes. The primary objective of this investigation was to study the changes induced in the molecular structure of phosphoric acid stabilized bentonite and lateritic soil using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Based on the obtained data, it was found that a surface alteration mechanism was the main reason responsible for the improvement of treated soils. Furthermore, the results indicated that the Al present in the octahedral layer of clay minerals were more amenable to chemical attacks and also partly responsible for the formation of new products

Forecasting wind speed data by using a combination of ARIMA model with single exponential smoothing

Wind serves as natural resources as the solution to minimize global warming and has been commonly used to produce electricity. Because of their uncontrollable wind characteristics, wind speed forecasting is considered one of the best challenges in developing power generation. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) and a hybrid model combination of ARIMA and SES will be used in this study to predict the wind speed. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) are used as measurement of efficiency. The hybrid model provides a positive outcome for predicting wind speed compare to the single model of ARIMA and SES

An Empirical Model for the Turkish Trade Balance: New Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Analyses

In this paper, the determinants of the Turkish trade balance are tried to be analyzed in an empirical modelling approach. For this purpose, the contemporaneous ARDL-based bounds testing has been used to examine the existence of a long run co-integration relationship between the variables of our interest. The estimation results indicate that real exchange rate depreciations improves the trade balance in a strong and significant way, that domestic real income affects the trade balance negatively, and that trade balance is strongly improved due to an increase in foreign real income. No significant effect of crude oil prices can be observed on trade balance. The error correction modeling gives results in line with the long run findings of the co-integration analysis.Trade Balance, ARDL Bounds Testing Approach, Turkish Economy

The examination of gathering points' capacity regarding mobility and accessibility: Case of Bayrakli district

The concept of accessibility that bases on continuing the flow of people, goods and services uninterruptedly is discussed as "maximum contact by minimum facility". This concept which is related with the distance has been evaluated various criteria such as physical, economic, perceptual, temporal, etc. Several assignations (optimum location, minimum distance, best distribution method, etc.) have revealed the importance of gathering points in terms of proceeding the disaster management properly. The origin point of linking "accessibility" and "transportation network" is the mobility which reveals as accessing people to adequate gathering points and services in the shortest time. These gathering points which are determined due to the specific criteria and also referred to the social infrastructure areas have a vital importance when any disaster or emergencies occur; so the site selection, availability and accessibility of these areas become extremely significant. The aim of this study is to examine the accessibility of gathering points in Bayrakli district located in Izmir city by taking minimum standards and also some recommendations into consideration. The spatial analyses based on current and potential gathering points are carried out via ArcMap software. The current and potential gathering points in Bayrakli district are examined in terms of accessibility their capacity for each neighbourhood due to their spatial distribution. According to the results, each gathering points in neighbourhoods cannot be accessible in the shortest duration by walking and also the current urban pattern affects the capacity parameter regarding the accessibility and mobility significantly. © Authors 2018. CC BY 4.0 License

Penggunaan Media Teka-Teki Silang (Crossword Puzzle) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Baca Tulis Kosakata Bahasa Arab Peserta Didik Kelas III MI Ma\u27arif Giriloyo 1 Bantul

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penggunaan media teka-teki silang (crossword puzzle) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis kosakata bahasa Arab peserta didik di MI Ma\u27arif Giriloyo 1 Imogiri Bantul. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas III MI Ma\u27arif Giriloyo 1 Imogiri Bantul yang berjumlah 37 orang. Data tentang kemampuan membaca dan menulis kosakata bahasa Arab dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif deskriptif. Pada siklus I, persentase kemampuan membaca dan menulis kosakata bahasa Arab peserta didik diperoleh hasil signifikan dari prasiklus yaitu 83% untuk kemampuan membaca dan 72% untuk kemampuan menulis, kemudian terus naik pada hasil siklus II yaitu 90% untuk kemampuan membaca dan 80% untuk kemampuan menulis. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan membaca dan menulis kosakata bahasa Arab melalui penggunaan media teka-teki silang (crossword puzzle) yang mencakup (1) pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif dan menyenangkan, (2) peserta didik lebih mudah membaca kosakata bahasa Arab, (3) peserta didik lebih mudah menulis kosakata bahasa Arab, (4) guru lebih mudah membimbing peserta didik yang masih kesulitan

Malaysian and Indonesian Learners: They Are Judges of How They Learn English Most Effectively in and Out of Classrooms

The position of English is that of a Second Language in Malaysia and a Foreign Language in Indonesia. But the objective is the same that is to enable the learners to communicate effectively and efficiently in social and professional situations. Learners' beliefs and learners' strategies are also part of the learning processes. Strategies are ways of managing the complex information that the learners are receiving about the target language. This study aims to find out (i) the learners' beliefs on the importance of English (ii) what the learners will do (strategies) to manage their own learning. 100 respondents participated in the study. They responded to open ended questions. The results show that there are similarities and differences in the ways the Malaysian and Indonesian learners perceived the importance of English. They also have similarities and differences in their strategies to manage their own learning to achieve their goals. As a conclusion, even though the two countries adopted different language policy, the learners of English as a Second and Foreign Language have their own enthusiasms and they make judgements about how to learn the language effectively and they have the awareness of what language learning is like

TINJAUAN PEMBERIAN KETERANGAN SAKSI ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR TANPA DISUMPAH DAN KEKUATAN PEMBUKTIANNYA DALAM PERKARA PENCABULAN ANAK (STUDI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI KANDANGAN NOMOR : 214/PID.SUS/2014/PN.KGN)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai apakah pemberian kesaksian anak tanpa disumpah sesuai dengan KUHAP karena di dalam KUHAP terdapat aturan bahwa saksi di dalam memberikan kesaksian harus di ambil sumpahnya terlebih dahulu, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mencari jawaban apakah pengambilan sumpah terhadap saksi yang tidak di ambil sumpahnya di karenakan saksi masih di bawah umur menyebabkan kesaksiannya tetap sesuai dengan KUHAP atau tidak, serta dalam penelitian ini mencari jawaban bagaimana kekuatan pembuktian kesaksian anak tanpa disumpah dalam persidangan perkara pencabulan anak di bawah umur di Pengadilan Negeri Kandangan Nomor : 214/Pid.Sus/2014/Pn.Kgn. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal atau disebut juga penelitian normatif. Jenis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Studi kepustakaan yang digunakan adalah berupa buku, perundang-undangan, karangan ilmiah. Analisis bahan hukum menggunakan metode deduksi silogisme yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan norma dan kaidah hukum, kemudian ditarik kesimpulan bersifat khusus. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa keterangan saksi anak tanpa disumpah sesuai dengan KUHAP. Nilai pembuktian yang melekat pada keterangan saksi yang tidak disumpah tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai petunjuk bagi hakim. Kata Kunci : Keterangan Saksi, Sumpah, Anak di Bawah Umu